Comparison of UK and Australia Healthcare Systems

Comparison of UK and Australia wellness cathexis SystemsStudent name QIAO LING LIU (LANDY) groundingThe article is a conclusion of a discover by Francis or so primary(prenominal) wellness vex snubs of Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust that is a large public infirmary in England. Reported problems include the some important parts of breast feeding treat such as going patients in the stool for long time, inability to recognize patient hauteur and privacy, inability to feed patients and inability to be charitable to patients. The author Hayter discusses it is cerebrate to three components including a management culture, the lack of a caring and kind culture as well as management styles. In the article, Hayter concludes a number of primary(prenominal) points from Francis report. Staffing shortage is seen as a underlying issue and is related to poor breast feeding safekeeping. A nonher concerning issue in Francis report is that hospital managers is unable to listen to patients, families and other staff nigh something worrying. to a greater extentover, on that point is no clinical background of many managers in UK wellness settings. Hayter suggests that clinical managers should complete an interval of c be job forwards rangeing in clinical kick facilities. He too debates that there is no look at for prospective nurses to require one-year wellness apportion fiddle control before the read of nurse college, as there is no deduction to prove it. He also discussed that nurses rotter slang a epoch-making effect on helping reminder hospital quality and hospital should provide pertinent systems for nurses and other staff to submit comments and report concern. He disagrees that UK nurses lack lenience and caring.SummaryIn the editorial, Hayter (2013) points out several main points based on Francis report. Firstly, the shortage of staffing is one of the main wellness care issues in UK health care system. It is described as a gramma tical constituent associated with poor care. Curry et.al (2005, cited in Hayter) suggested that higher treat skill mix in and sufficient nursing staffing can be associated with high standard of nursing care.Secondly, he disagreed with the statement of Francis that UK nurses lack compassion and caring. He argues that many of the nurses in UK are full of compassion and caring personality and clinical nursing skills. However, certain issues may inhibit them to do their jobs well, such as large work pressure and overwhelming workload and insufficient resources and constant changes of demands of health care system, which lead source occurrence of poor care. He also points out that it misleads people if only examples of incidents happened in Mid Staffordshire Hospital were employ to critisize the whole nursing professions and it dis impacts nurses as well.Thirdly, Hayter debates that it is unworthy for prospective nurses to work 12 month as health care abetter _or_ abettor prio r to applying to nursing school. In Francis report, however, it was advised that nursing students should finish a period of health care assistant work before going to study nursing course in college, as it will be beneficial to repay the nurses quality, in particular skills of compassion and caring. It was strongly supported by department of health in England, suggesting one year health care work experience would be appropriate for prospective nurses. However, Hayter points out that it is definitely patent that provision of many poor quality of care was by health care assistants in the Mid Staffordshire Hospital and there is no study or survey that proves whether or not the nurses delivered in poor care in Mid Staffordshire Hospital had worked as health care assistants. In addition, it is difficult to identify if health care assistants gain correct work experience prior to application to nursing school and how it help the coming(prenominal) nurses build up a right compassionate personality.Fin anyy, Hayter suggests that it is of extreme enormousness to use appropriate methods and indicators to measure quality of care, not only existence reliant on evidences of the papers and auditing. He recommends that nurses are an important post who can help its festering and monitor it by reporting issues. Hayter proposes that relevant systems should be established for nursing staff and other staff to upset some comments or report inappropriate or concerning things. Meanwhile, nursing regulator requires more attention on management of poor nursing care, alternatively than only delivery of nursing care. Hayter also says that UK Nursing and tocology Council is before long accused, as it simply supervises knowledge and skill of nurses and overlooks management of deficient nursing care.CritiqueAustralian health care currently faces with same situations of nursing and other health hands shortage issues as UKs. harmonise to Duffield OBrien 2003, nursing shortag e is associated with poor nursing care, as it may cause more complications such as infections and pneumonia, as well as incidents the likes of medication error. There are a number of reasons that cause nursing or health care work force shortage in Australia. ripening is regarded as one of the main factors in Australian nursing workforce (ABS 2013). Overall, Twigg et.al (2010) suggests that more older age nurses work in the health care settings and average-age of Australian nurses ranges from 42.2- 45.1 years between 2001 and 2005 and more than one third of the Australian nurses may retire probably in 2015. It indicates lack of sufficient pendent nurses who take over will cause shortage of nursing (ICN 2008, cited in Rudge Toffoli 2012). Increased part-time work of nurses is another reason of nursing shortage, as it will require more same- take nurses to take more places over (ABS 2013). More nurses and health professions prefer to do fewer jobs, as they tend to merge social life and family (National Health workforce Taskforce, 2009, p4). Management of five-fold degenerative diseases in the elderly has become a factor in Australia, as it increases the burden of health care system to trigger more requirements of more skill mix nurses and other health professions in Australia (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p4). As a result of specialization of Australian health system, it of necessity more health professions from foreign to cope with current staffing shortage (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p5). However, it is completely tough nowadays, as not only is Australia approach with staffing shortage, but many countries allow this issue (National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, p5). jibe to Straughair 2012, it is undoubted that the volume of UK nurses contribute to high-quality nursing care with compassion. However, with technical development in nursing skills, compassion of nurses appears to be diminished (Straughair 2012). Straugha ir (2012) states that motivation of Australian nursing students and nurses who decide to do nursing career is to look after people. At the moment, lack of caring and compassion has not been found in Australia health system (Shields 2013). However, it shows that Australia health care is more likely to face with rock-bottom standards in terms of caring, nursing and health care if health care system is not alert and concerns are not voiced (Shields 2013). patch Australia has a remarkable health care system and its nursing is regarded as one of the professional leaders in the world, it still confronts threats to caring and health care system (Shields 2013) . The reason is that more health care professions including nurses are recruited internationally and work as leaders in some health care settings, which is definitely helpful. However, Australia cultural cringe influences peoples perceptions about relationship of work and decision-making so that it makes people believe that health p rofessions from overseas are better than local ones (Shields 2013).In Hayters editorial, there is a discussion about UK nursing teaching. In UK, there is one main category of nurse (RN), as the graphic symbol of EN was similar with RN and it has been dismissed (Jacob et.al 2012). Approximately 90% nurses are diploma levels in England and all nurses in Scotland and Wales are degree levels (Shields 2013). Health care assistants (HCAs) in UK are increased and they does not need relevant skill courses and required skills will gain from the employers (Royal college of nursing 2014). They mainly assist RN to deliver the majority of hands-on nursing care under nurse management (McKenna, et.al 2004). However, this is not the case in Australia. Both nurse situations (RN and EN) retain in Australia. They have distinct job descriptions and roles. RN requires three-year degree study in university with a transitional graduate program for a year and education of EN is often in vocational coll ege with diploma degree and one and a half year study (Duckett Breadon 2014, p7). RN is able to practice without supervision and has the responsibility of supervision and delegation of EN. Health care assistant in Australia must gain Certificate III in Aged worry firstly and they do prefatory personal care such as feeding, bathing, and toileting (Department of Health and Families, 2014), which are included in the practical scope of nurses. solely they are not regulated by the National calling card (Rudge Toffoli 2012, p 220). It is not compulsory that prospective nurses have to gain health care work experience before application to nursing schools (Rudge Toffoli 2012, p 220). In Australia, there is no consistent training for health care assistant (Duckett Breadon 2014, p10). Moreover, although there is no sufficient evidence to ensure that being health care worker is able to improve compassionate and caring skills, amelioration in aspect of personal care skills can be seen distinctly (Duckett Breadon 2014, p10).As with measurement of nursing care quality, UK graduate nurses must file on Nursing and Midwifery Council that regulates all nurses and midwiferies and sets up standards and code of conducts which indicate nurses and midwiferies to adhere to them strictly (NMC 2014). In Australia, the case is similar. Australian Health practician Regulation means (AHPRA) is a national-regulated agency that regulates health professions in Australia (AHPRA 2014). whole graduated nurses have to register on Nursing and Midwifery get along of Australia which is supported by AHPRA(AHPRA 2014). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia plays an important role in valueion of the public and they establishes relevant competency standards and policies and guidelines that help more often than not discipline all registered nurses and midwiferies and give clear scope of practice what they can do and can not do (Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, p1). Accordi ng to Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, the main function of National competency Standards for nurses is to help examine performance and competence of nurses. Along with competency standards, yearly renewal of re-registration is a method used to assess the eligibility of nurses (Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, p1) and each health care setting has its own policies and guidelines to give a clear range of nursing practice that nurses can deliver to monitor the quality of care. In addition, National Safety and Quality Health good Standards (NSQHS ) standards can be a useful tool to examine asylum and quality of health care system and health care practitioners to protect Australian population (NSQHS standards 2012, p3).ConclusionIn conclusion, there are quaternary main points reviewed in UK health care system and these are compared similarities or differences with Australian health care system. For staffing shortage, it is found in both health care system, even in the world, and there are many factors do it in Australia, including aging nursing workforce, increased part-time work, burden of multiple chronic disease of older population, competition against health care workforce from overseas. Lack of compassion and caring in nursing is a key factor discussed. Compassion in UK has been fall due to technical development and lack of compassion has not been discovered in Australia. But health care system should be alert and raise concerns to prevent decreased standards of caring. In addition, Australian cultural cringe is more likely to affect compassionate care. Nursing education is discussed in the review. UK has a type of RN and Australia has two, RN and EN. UK nurses need education of diploma or degree level based on state requirements and Australian RN requires degree education and EN does diploma level. Being HCAs in both countries develop basic personal care skills, however, there is no evidence that they would improve compassionate ca re. Finally, measurement of quality of nursing care has raised concerns. Both countries have nursing boards to regulate nurses and midwiferies. All nurses and midwiferies should register on nursing boards before participation in work. Nursing boards sets competency standards and code of conducts that assess competence of nurses and midwiferies.WORDS 1905Reference listAustralain Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), 2014, National Boards, Australian Government, viewed 16 October 2014, http//www.ahpra.gov.au/National-Boards.aspx.Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2013, Australian tender Trends, cat.no. 4102.0, ABS, Canberra.Duckett, S Breadon, P, 2014, Unlocking skills in hospitals better jobs, more care, Grattan Institute.Department of Health and Families, 2014, PCA product line Description, North Territory Government, viewed 16 October 2014,http//www.health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/9/93.pdf.Duffield, C OBrien, P.L, 2003, The causes and consequences of nursing shortages a helicopter view of the research, Australian Health Review, vol. 26, no.1, pp. 192-199.Hayter, M 2013, Editorial The UK Francis Report the key messages for nursing, diary of move on Nursing, vol. 69, no. 8, e1-e3.McKenna, P, Hasson, F Keeney, S, 2004, Patient safety and quality of care the role of the health care assistant, Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 12, pp. 452459.Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2014, Standards and guidance, UK Government, viewed 16 October 2014, http//www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Standards-and-guidance1/.Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia 2014, National Competency Standards for Registered Nurse, Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia, Melbourne.National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS ) standards 2012, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health precaution (ACSQHC), Standards Australia, Sydney.National Health Workforce Taskforce, 2009, Health Workforce in Australia and Factors for underway Shortages, Australian Government.Jacob E, Sellick K, McKenna, L, 2012, Australian registered and enrolled nursesIs there a difference?, International Journal of Nursing Practice, vol. 18, pp. 303307.Shields, L, 2013, The core business of caring A nursing oxymoron?, Collegian, vol.21, pp. 193-199.Straughair, C, 2012, Exploring compassion implications for contemporary nursing Part 1, British Journal of Nursing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 160-164.Rudge,T Toffoli, L 2012, Progress in nursing, in E, Willis, L, Reynolds, H, Keleher, Understanding the Australian Health bearing System, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, N.S.W, viewed 15 October 2014, EBSCO Host.Royal college of nursing, 2014, Become a health care assistant, UK Government, viewed 15 October 2014,http//www.rcn.org.uk/nursing/work_in_health_care/become_a_health_care_assistantTwigg D, Duffield C, Thompson P.L, Rapley P 2010, The impact of nurses on patient morbidness and mortality the need for a policy change in solve nt to the nursing shortage, Australian Health Review, vol.34, no. 3, pp. 312-316.